Higashiagatsuma Town is a nature-rich town in Agatsuma District, Gunma Prefecture. Located in northwestern Gunma and nestled at the northern foot of Mount Haruna, one of the famous Jōmō Sanzan, the town is known for its beautiful seasonal landscapes and its rich history and cultural heritage.
Higashiagatsuma is also known throughout Japan for the discovery of the distinctive “Heart-Shaped Dogū”, a clay figurine from the Jōmon period. The town was also once home to the former Tarusawa Tunnel, which attracted attention as one of Japan’s shortest railway tunnels.
With clear spring water, dramatic rocky mountains, beautiful gorges, hot spring resorts, and traditional festivals, Higashiagatsuma offers a wide variety of experiences for travelers seeking a slower pace surrounded by nature.
Higashiagatsuma is surrounded by mountains reaching approximately 1,000 meters and higher. Notable peaks include the rugged Mount Iwabitsu, the imposing Mount Asamakakushi, and mountains such as Sugamine, Mount Yakushidake, Mount Kogarayama, and Mount Azumayama.
The area’s varied terrain makes it an attractive destination for hiking and mountain trekking. The Agatsuma River flows through the center of the town, its clear waters reflecting the colors of the surrounding landscape throughout the seasons.
One of the area’s most spectacular natural attractions is Agatsuma Gorge, where unusual rock formations and steep cliffs create a dramatic landscape. The gorge is particularly popular during the autumn foliage season.
Iwabitsu Castle was a strategic mountain fortress during Japan’s Sengoku period. It became an important base for the Sanada clan as they expanded their influence into the former province of Kozuke, and the Sanada family continued to govern the area into the early Edo period.
The castle ruins take advantage of the steep and rugged terrain of Mount Iwabitsu, allowing visitors to appreciate the strategic characteristics of a medieval Japanese mountain fortress.
Higashiagatsuma is also home to several important archaeological sites. The Gōhara Site, discovered in 1941, is famous for the Heart-Shaped Dogū, a remarkable example of Jōmon-period artistic expression. Other sites, including the Kamigō-Okahara Site and Shido Kofun burial mound, reveal the long history of human settlement in the region.
The Great Keyaki Tree of Haramachi, designated a Natural Monument of Japan, is another symbol of the town. In addition, the warabite sword preserved at Ōmiya Iwatsutsumi Shrine is designated as a cultural property of Gunma Prefecture.
Hakoshima Spring emerges beside Hakoshima Fudōson Temple, from the roots of a huge cedar known as the Great Cedar of Hakoshima Fudō Hall. The tree is estimated to be approximately 400 years old and is designated a Natural Monument by the town.
The spring produces approximately 30,000 tons of water per day and has been selected as one of the 100 Famous Waters of Japan. Its water quality, abundant flow, scenic surroundings, and suitability for enjoying the waterside have all contributed to its recognition. Local residents also continue to protect and maintain the spring and its surrounding environment.
The spring flows into the Narusawa River, providing water for drinking, agriculture, and trout farming. From mid-June to early July, Genji fireflies and Heike fireflies appear along the lower reaches of the river, creating a magical nighttime landscape.
Local residents participate in cleanup and environmental conservation through a firefly protection group, helping preserve a traditional satoyama environment where people and fireflies can coexist.
Higashiagatsuma is known as one of Japan’s notable destinations for trumpet daffodils. From late March to mid-April, fields and gardens throughout the town are filled with bright yellow flowers.
The daffodil fields beside the riverside park in the Iwai district are particularly impressive, with large areas covered in bloom to announce the arrival of spring. The area can be reached from Gunma-Haramachi Station on the JR Agatsuma Line, while the Kan-Etsu Kotsu bus service to Iwai-Yamaneguchi is another convenient option.
Rising to 802 meters, Mount Iwabitsu is one of the representative scenic landmarks of the Agatsuma Eight Views. Its southern face features cliffs reaching approximately 200 meters, while unusual rocks and dramatic formations give the mountain a distinctive appearance reminiscent of a traditional Chinese landscape painting.
From near the summit, visitors can enjoy panoramic views over the surrounding town and mountains of Gunma. On clear days, it may even be possible to see Mount Fuji in the distance.
There are sections equipped with chains near the summit, so appropriate hiking equipment is recommended. Gloves, long sleeves, and long trousers are particularly useful when tackling the more rugged sections.
On the mountainside are the Ruins of Iwabitsu Castle, one of the notable medieval mountain castles of the region. Originally associated with the Agatsuma clan, the castle later came under the control of the Sanada clan and became an important strategic base during the Sengoku period.
The castle was eventually abandoned following the One Castle per Province policy, but remains such as fortified enclosures and dry moats can still be seen. Visitors should be prepared with suitable hiking equipment when exploring the ruins.
Kannon-yama Fudō Falls flows beside Fudō Hall near the trailhead of Mount Kannonyama. The waterfall creates powerful spray as it drops over the rocks, while in winter it can freeze into an impressive icefall, creating a natural sculpture of ice.
The falls are approximately 20 minutes on foot from Gunma-Haramachi Station on the JR Agatsuma Line.
At the eastern edge of the town center stands the Great Keyaki Tree of Haramachi, a Natural Monument of Japan said to be approximately 1,000 years old. It is traditionally said to have served as a reference point when the town was laid out during the early Edo period. Although branches have been pruned as a safety measure, the ancient tree remains an imposing landmark.
Agatsuma Gorge stretches for approximately 2.8 kilometers from Gankazawa Bridge to the area immediately below Yamba Dam. Because of its dramatic scenery, it is known as the “Yabakei of the Kanto Region,” in reference to the famous gorge in Oita Prefecture.
The gorge was designated a Place of Scenic Beauty of Japan in 1935. The celebrated poet Bokusui Wakayama was also deeply impressed by the scenery and left poems inspired by the area.
A hiking trail along the right bank takes approximately 40 minutes one way. The scenery changes throughout the year, with mitsuba azaleas in April, fresh greenery in May, and autumn foliage from late October to early November.
The nearest railway station is Iwashima Station on the JR Agatsuma Line, and the Kan-Etsu Kotsu Tengu-no-Yu bus route can also be used.
Jindai Cedar is an ancient cedar traditionally said to have been planted by Prince Yamato Takeru. The original tree died after a fire during the Tenmei era, but a new cedar grew from a hollow within the old trunk. The two trees together are therefore sometimes called the “Parent and Child Cedars.”
Mount Asamakakushi rises to 1,756 meters. Its name means “the mountain that hides Mount Asama,” reflecting its position relative to the famous volcano.
The summit offers a 360-degree panoramic view, extending toward Mount Asama, the Northern Alps, and the Kanto Plain. Around mid-May, rhododendrons bloom in abundance along the Shakunage Ridge. A visit to the mountain can also be combined with a relaxing soak at one of the hot spring resorts at its foot.
Japanese irises are at their best from mid-June to early July. The local Sugao Iris Association carefully cultivates the flowers, creating an attractive seasonal display.
Sennin Cave is approximately 8 meters high and 26 meters deep. Statues of the Eighteen Arhats, dating from 1678, and Shō-Kannon are enshrined inside. Even during summer, the cave remains pleasantly cool, offering a refreshing contrast to the outdoor heat.
Takinosa Fudō Falls, located at the foot of Mount Asamakakushi, also offers changing scenery throughout the seasons and is another worthwhile natural attraction in the area.
Higashiagatsuma offers many other attractions, including the former Tarusawa Tunnel, once known as one of Japan’s shortest railway tunnels, as well as archaeological sites such as the Kamigō-Okahara Site, Gōhara Site, and Shido Kofun.
Traditional events include the Hyakuhattō ceremony and the Iwashita Gion Festival. Visitors interested in modern history can also explore the former school building of Iwajima Second Elementary School, a wooden structure dating from the Meiji period.
Accommodation and outdoor activities are available at places such as Haruna-Agatsuma National Lodge, while visitors seeking hands-on experiences can explore Iwabitsu Fureai-no-Sato, Iwabitsu Experience Farm, and Nukawa Campground.
Several hot spring areas are scattered throughout Higashiagatsuma, each offering its own atmosphere and character. They include Kawanaka Onsen, Matsuno-yu Onsen, Asamakakushi Onsenkyo, Nukawa Onsen, Hato-no-Yu Onsen, Yakushi Onsen, and Azuma Onsen Kikyōkan.
From open-air baths surrounded by nature to historic hot spring inns, these bathing destinations provide relaxing opportunities to unwind after hiking, sightseeing, or exploring the surrounding mountains.
Spring brings daffodils and cherry blossoms to the town, with colorful flowers appearing from late March through mid-April. From around mid-May, rhododendrons begin to bloom, followed by Japanese azaleas in early June, adding vivid colors to the mountain landscape.
In autumn, Agatsuma Gorge and Mount Iwabitsu are transformed by brilliant shades of red and yellow. From mid-October to early November, the area becomes a spectacular destination for autumn foliage. The area around Lake Haruna is also known as a popular place for enjoying the fall colors.
Agriculture and tourism are important industries in Higashiagatsuma. The town is one of Gunma’s major producers of konjac, with its cool climate and well-drained soil providing favorable conditions for cultivation.
Daffodils and Japanese ginger are also among the area’s local specialties. Thanks to the abundant water from Hakoshima Spring, trout farming is another important local industry. Rainbow trout, yamame trout, and iwana char are raised using the clear spring water.
Visitors can also enjoy dishes featuring Ginhikari, a premium Gunma-brand rainbow trout known for its high quality.
Ōdo Checkpoint was established in 1631 at an important location along the historic Shinshū and Kusatsu roads. During the final years of the Edo period, the area became associated with the execution of Kunisada Chūji, a famous outlaw and folk hero of the region, who was executed for illegally passing through the checkpoint.
A Chūji Jizō statue was erected at the site of his execution. Kunisada Chūji operated mainly in the Jōshū region and later became a popular subject of storytelling performances and traditional theater.
His dramatic life has been passed down through generations, often portraying him as a figure with a strong sense of loyalty and compassion toward ordinary people. The ruins of Ōdo Checkpoint quietly preserve a part of this local history. Nearby, the “Chūji Madoi-no-Matsu” pine tree is another landmark associated with his story.
The Hyakuhattō ceremony, held during the Bon season in the Iwashima district, is a particularly atmospheric local tradition. 108 candles are placed along the road as people welcome the spirits of their ancestors.
The countless lights glowing in the darkness create a striking nighttime scene and attract visitors from both within and outside Gunma Prefecture.
Other traditional events, including the Iwashita Gion Festival and Tori-Oi customs, have also been passed down through generations. These traditions strengthen community ties while offering visitors an opportunity to experience the warmth and character of local culture.
Higashiagatsuma Town brings together beautiful mountain scenery, dramatic gorges, Sengoku-period history, hot spring culture, local traditions, and a rich rural landscape.
For travelers looking to escape the bustle of the city, the town offers opportunities to spend peaceful time surrounded by mountains, clear rivers, forests, and traditional communities.
Each season reveals a different side of Higashiagatsuma, from spring flowers and summer greenery to autumn foliage and winter landscapes. A visit here offers the chance to discover the quieter side of Gunma while experiencing the natural and cultural heritage that has shaped this mountain town.